False codling moth (FCM) is regarded as the most significant indigenous pest. Over 70 host plants are attacked by larval, many of which are horticultural crops with fruit, pods, and berries, such as beans, grapes, citrus, ...

Nitrate leaching into groundwater is a complicated process that involves a number of different biochemical transformations. These biochemical transformations include immobilisation, mineralization, nitrification, ...

The basic reproductive number (R 0 ) is a threshold parameter for a population-level model of infectious disease control. The basic reproduction number is derived by epidemiologists using different techniques. It is ...

Nitrogen is a vital nutrient that enhances plant growth which has motivated the intensive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers to boost crop productivity. However, Pollution by nitrate is a globally growing problem due to the ...