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Influence of male targeted short message service on knowledge, nature of attitude and male involvement on uptake of family planning among spouses in Marsabit County,Kenya
(International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2024-09-20) Matoke, Vincent O.; Gitonga, Eliphas M.; Owaka, Isaac O.; Okari, Geoffrey M.; Mutabazi, Michel; Ogutu, Gideon M.; Odhiambo, Felix B.; Anyika , Daniel K.; Salima, Ruth; Okenyoru , Douglas S.
ABSTRACT Background: Family planning services helps the individuals or couples to regulate the number and determine healthy spacing and timing of pregnancies. Globally, contraceptive prevalence stands at 49.0%, Sub-Saharan Africa at 29.0%, Kenya at 56.9% and Marsabit County at 5.6%. Some of the reasons given for low uptake include low knowledge level, negative attitude and lack of male involvement on family planning matters. This study aimed at establishing the influence of male targeted short message service on knowledge, nature of attitude and male involvement on uptake of family planning among spouses in Marsabit County. Methods: A pre-test and post-test quasi experimental study design was adopted involving randomly selected 220 couples from Laisamis (control group) and Moyale (intervention group) sub-counties. Intervention of male targeted short message service was offered weekly to male spouses from Moyale sub-county. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using SPSS. All the required ethical and logistical considerations were adhered to accordingly. Results: Male targeted short message service increased level of knowledge significantly (OR 4.173, p=0.001), changed nature of attitude (OR 2.7335, p=0.004) and male involvement in family planning (OR 4.4306, p=0.001). Conclusions: The study concluded male targeted SMS intervention increased level of knowledge, attitude changed and males were involved. The County government of Marsabit should engage opinion leaders in family planning to help in educating and changing the attitude of the men towards family planning. Keywords: Attitude, Family planning, Knowledge, Male targeted short message service
Association between attitude and menstrual hygiene management practices among adolescent girls with disabilities in selected schools in Wajir County, Kenya
(International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2024-09-23) Jama, Abdiwahit A.; Mutisya, Redempta K.; Njuguna, Christine W.; Matoke, Vincent O.; Okenyoru, Douglas S.
ABSTRACT Background: Menstruation is the recurrent peeling of the uterine lining that occurs monthly on girls and women of the reproductive age. Many adolescent girls in African countries have poor knowledge regarding menstruation and this is even worse among menstruating girls with disabilities who are faced with a greater challenge as they require private and specific sanitation facilities. The study focused on establishing the association between attitude and menstrual hygiene management practices among adolescent girls with disabilities in selected schools in Wajir County. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted. Census method was used to select respondents where 101 were interviewed. Pretested questionnaires were used to collect data. All necessary research approvals from relevant institutions were obtained as well as consent and assent sought from respondents and guardians where applicable. Data was managed using SPSS version 22.0 software. Results: Most 88.1% of the respondents did not practice menstrual hygiene management. Further results revealed that 98.9% of those who had negative attitude had not practiced menstrual hygiene management. There was a significant statistical association between nature of attitude and practice of MHM (χ2=11.009, p*=0.029). Conclusions: About 9 out of 10 adolescents with disabilities in Wajir County did not practice menstrual hygiene management. The nature of attitude towards menstrual hygiene management was significantly associated with practice. The study recommended provision of free sanitary pads by relevant stakeholders to all girls who are living with disabilities and provision of enough washrooms to address privacy issues.
Social-cultural factors influencing modern contraceptive uptake among women of the reproductive age in Turkana County, Kenya
(International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2023-12-30) Okenyoru, Douglas S.; Matoke, Vincent O.; Odhiambo, Felix; Salima, Ruth; Anyika, Daniel; Ogutu, Gideon
ABSTRACT Background: Modern contraceptive is pivotal for reproductive health, averting unplanned pregnancies, lowering maternal mortality, and enhancing women's well-being. Despite global strides, challenges still persist in adoption of modern family planning methods in regions, like Turkana County, Kenya with a 30.7% adoption rate marking high unmet contraception needs. This study delved into determining social-cultural factors impacting uptake of modern contraceptive in the remote area of Turkana, Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. The 360 participants were sampled from households using systematic random sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Data analysis included frequencies, proportions and Chi-square tests to unveil vital variable correlations. Data was presented in tables, graphs and pie charts. Results: The study revealed higher utilization of modern contraceptives at 53%. Cultural factors associated with Modern contraceptive uptake included religion acceptance of family planning (χ2=6.997, p=0.008), myths and misconceptions (χ2=31.096, p=0.000), gender preference (χ2=28.876, p=0.000), cultural perception of child quantity (χ2=26.373, p=0.000), decision maker for family planning (χ2=19.745, p=0.000) and discussion with partner (χ2=55.063, p=0.000). Conclusions: In Turkana County, Kenya, socio-cultural factors seem to significantly shape modern contraceptive choices among women of reproductive age. Religious beliefs, misconceptions, and gender preferences influence decisions. Cultural norms impact family size views, and autonomy prevails. Tailored interventions addressing these issues are crucial for better reproductive health outcomes.
Accessibility factors associated with adherence to healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy among women of reproductive age in Kilifi County, Kenya
(International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2024-09-17) Supaki, Esther K.; Owaka,Isaac O.; Mutisya, Redempta K.; Okari,Geoffrey M; Matoke,Vincent O.
ABSTRACT Background: Globally, about 25% of births occur with shorter intervals annually with over 12 million underage pregnancies mostly from Sub-Saharan Africa. Kenya records about 20% teenage pregnancies while Kilifi County reported 28.9%. In Kilifi County, 19.6% of births do not adhere to the 24-month birth-interval. The study focused on establishing accessibility factors associated with adherence to healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy (HTSP) among reproductive age women in Kilifi County, Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted with a sample of 293 respondents. All required approvals and consent were obtained. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and inferential statistics computed through Chi-square tests. Results: About 60.1% respondents adhered to heathy timing and spacing of pregnancy, 69.4% teenage pregnancies occurred and 67.1% of women adhered to the 24-month inter-birth interval. Availability of family planning (FP) services (p=0.008), experience with providers (p=0.005), cost of accessing FP (p=0.001) and source of information (p=0.002) were associated with HTSP. Conclusions: About 4 out of 10 women of reproductive age in Kilifi County do not adhere to the recommended HTSP. Accessibility factors such as cost and availability of family planning services, source of information and experience with healthcare providers significantly influenced adherence to HTSP. The Ministry of Health and relevant stakeholders should scale up awareness activities, provide mobile clinics and concentrate on regular continuous medical education among healthcare providers to enhance their role in provision of reproductive health services.
Vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations from Kilifi and Nairobi for dengue 2 virus and the influence of temperature
(BioMed Central, 2014-12) Edith Chepkorir,; Joel Lutomiah,; James Mutisya,; Francis Mulwa,; Konongoi Limbaso,; Benedict Orindi,; Ng’ang’a, Zipporah W.; Rosemary Sang
Abstract Background: Susceptibility of Ae. aegypti mosquito to dengue virus (DENV) varies geographically and can be influenced by climatic factors such as temperature, which affect the incidence, seasonality and distribution of vector-borne diseases. The first outbreak of dengue fever (DF) in Kenya occured in 1982 in the coastal towns of Malindi and Kilifi. Unlike Nairobi where no active dengue transmission has been reported, DF is currently re-emerging at the Coast causing major outbreaks. This study investigated the vector competence of Ae. aegypti populations from two urban areas, Kilifi (Coast of Kenya) and Nairobi (Central Kenya), for DEN-2 virus and the influence of temperature on the same. Methods: Four-day old adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected as eggs from the two sites were exposed to defibrinated sheep blood mixed with DEN-2 virus (105.08 PFU/ml) using a membrane feeder. Half of the exposed mosquitoes were incubated at high temperature (30°C) and the other half at low temperature (26°C), and every 7 days up to day 21 post-infection 30% of the exposed mosquitoes were randomly picked, individually dissected, separated into abdomen and legs, and tested for midgut and disseminated infection, respectively, including virus quantification by plaque assay using Vero cells. Results: Nairobi mosquito populations exhibited significantly higher midgut infection rates (16.8%) compared to the Kilifi population (9%; p = 0.0001). Midgut infection rates among the populations varied with temperature levels with a significantly higher infection rate observed for Nairobi at high (21.3%) compared to low temperature (12.0%; p = 0.0037). Similarly, for the Kilifi population, a significantly higher infection rate was recorded at high (11.6%) relative to low temperature (6.8%; p = 0.0162). It is however, noteworthy that disseminated infection was higher among the Kilifi mosquito population (40.7%) than in Nairobi mosquitoes (10.3%; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The findings show a clear inherent difference between the two populations in their ability to develop disseminated infection with high temperature having an added effect of enhancing vector competence. Therefore, the inherent difference among the two populations of Ae. aegypti coupled with prevailing ambient temperature could partly explain the distribution of dengue 2 virus between the Coastal and Nairobi regions in Kenya.