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Recent Submissions

Information Seeking Behaviour of Practising Nurses in Kenya: An Exploratory Case Study of Kenyatta National Hospital
(International Journal of Social Science and Information Technology, 2017-11) Mugambi, Frankline M.; Njoroge, Rose
The objective of the study was to provide new insight on how practicing nurses at KNH find information to support clinical decisions. Previous research in the field, demonstrate that information seeking behavior has an effect on the nursing care and practice. The study adopted descriptive survey design; the target population was 1723 practicing nurses. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data was analyzed by use of likert scale and Microsoft excel and presented through tables, charts, figure, graphs and percentage. Four information needs were cited by practicing nurses at KNH; patient care, in-service presentation, presentation at a professional meeting/seminar and scholarship application/career development. The most preferred source of information was human sources such as colleagues and doctors. Internet came second as preferred source of information. Public libraries and personal libraries were rated lowly. Practicing nurses at KNH ware aware of reference books, textbooks, personal contacts such as colleagues and doctors as sources of information. The insights from the study will help health organizations in design of information services, guide future researchers and contribute to the professional knowledge.
Applying SERVQUAL Model in Library Service Delivery to Attain Students Satisfaction at a Private University in Kenya
(Chinese American Librarians Association, 2025-03-31) Masinde, Johnson M.; Mugambi, Frankline M.; Musyoka, Faith M.; Masinde, Robbinson C.
This study examined the extent to which application of SERVQUAL model in delivery of services attains student satisfaction with library services at Gretsa University, a private university in Kenya. The study utilized a descriptive and qualitative research design. A self-administered questionnaire with a five-point Likert-type scale was used to collect data from 100 final-year bachelor’s degree students. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression and partial correlation. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 confidence level. Study findings demonstrate a significant positive relationship between SERVQUAL guided library service delivery and student satisfaction with library services. An increase in service delivery results in an increase in customer satisfaction. The findings also revealed that student factors do not moderate the relationship between SERVQUAL guided library service delivery and student satisfaction with library services. In addition, there is a significant relationship between students' factors and customer satisfaction. Students who reside in university hostels were more satisfied with the quality of library services compared to those residing outside the university. The study focused on final year bachelor degree students. The study recommends improvement of physical facilities in the Gretsa University Library so as to increase customer satisfaction levels.
Exploring Future Trends in Electronic Commerce in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
(Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, 2024-12) Mugambi, Frankline M.; Amayo, Sharon
E-commerce, the buying and selling of goods and services online, is evolving with the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), marked by technologies like IoT, AI, VR, machine learning, and big data. These technologies enable seamless integration between the digital and physical worlds, transforming business operations making them more resilient. To remain competitive, e-commerce players must forecast mid- and long-term trends. The study assesses the e-commerce status in Kenya, identifies key adoption drivers, and explores the future of e-commerce in the 4IR context. The findings reveal that several key factors significantly influence the adoption and use of e-commerce in Kenya. Chief among these is the quality of internet infrastructure, which serves as the backbone for e-commerce. The widespread adoption of smart mobile phones is equally crucial, as it enables a larger segment of the population to access e-commerce platforms. Additionally, the development of digital skills is essential, empowering users to navigate online marketplaces effectively. Efficient trade logistics also play a vital role, ensuring that products can be delivered reliably and promptly. Lastly, environmental factors, including the sustainability practices of e-commerce businesses, are increasingly shaping consumer preferences and behaviors. To enhance e-commerce competitiveness, the government may develop a comprehensive e-commerce law and clear regulatory framework. Leveraging public-private partnerships is essential for actualizing Kenya's Digital Superhighway. Investments in internet access and equipping schools with digital tools will bridge the digital skills gap, building on programs like Ajira Digital and Jitume in Konza Technopolis. Creating industry-specific e-commerce service stations will help small vendors market their goods online. Implementing a National Addressing System (NAS) is critical for efficient delivery services, bolstering Kenya's e-commerce ecosystem and global competitiveness.
Detecting adversarial evasion in deep learning intrusion detection systems using explainable AI
(Springer Nature Link, 2026-07-15) Maseno, Elijah M.; Sun, Yanxia ; Wang, Zenghui
Abstract Deep learning based network intrusion detection systems (IDS) can achieve strong traffic classification performance, but their resilience to adversarial manipulation remains a critical concern. This study evaluates the adversarial robustness of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models in a multiclass intrusion detection setting using the Train_Test_Network dataset with ten traffic classes. The models were trained on true sliding flow-window sequences under a unified preprocessing pipeline to support fair comparison. Adversarial robustness was first assessed under a white-box Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) setting and then broadened through additional FGSM and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) stress testing. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were further used to analyse explanation instability under clean and adversarial conditions, and explanation-drift features were evaluated as a secondary adversarial detection signal. Under clean evaluation, both models achieved strong and nearly identical performance, with accuracies of 0.9614 for LSTM and 0.9615 for GRU and weighted F1-scores of 0.9597 and 0.9598, respectively. Under the main FGSM condition, performance declined substantially: the LSTM achieved adversarial accuracy of 0.6094 and weighted F1-score of 0.6290 with an evasion rate of 37.38%, while the GRU achieved adversarial accuracy of 0.5130 and weighted F1-score of 0.5690 with an evasion rate of 47.02%. The broader robustness sweep showed that iterative PGD exposed stronger fragility than FGSM alone. SHAP analysis indicated that adversarial perturbation altered both prediction outcomes and local explanation structure. A learned explanation-driven detector improved over the rule-based baseline, while larger-scale validation confirmed that explanation drift remained informative, though not perfectly separable, at broader scale. Overall, the results show that strong clean performance does not imply adversarial robustness, and that explanation drift provides a useful auxiliary signal for adversarial monitoring in recurrent IDS models.
Stakeholder Management and Project Performance of Open Air Market Projects in Nyeri County, Kenya
(Inderscience Publishers., 2018-07) Maina, Susan M.; Kimutai, Gladys
Project performance is evaluated differently by various stakeholders of the project based on their expectations in relation to the actual quality, cost and time. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of stakeholder management on project performance with the specific objectives being: to determine the influence of stakeholder need and expectation identification; communication; conflict management and stakeholder participation on project performance. The research adopted both descriptive and explanatory research design. The target population was all the six Open air upgrading projects in Nyeri County funded under Economic Stimulus Programme. The target population was appropriate as it represented all the constituencies in Nyeri County. The study targeted 255 respondents out of which 213 successfully filled the questionnaire. The respondents comprised of project managers, vendors, general public, project staffs and the local authorities. The researcher used questionnaires to collect primary data. Descriptive data analysis was employed in the study where the researcher ran the data through the SPSS to obtain the descriptive statistics such as:the mean, mode, frequencies and percentages. The findings of the study were presented using charts, graphs and tables. The results of the study established that the coefficients of independent variables were positive and significant and thus these factors determine project performance. It was recommended that: the government must ensure the aspect of stakeholder involvement is adequately covered during the feasibility study of the intervention; that the channels, format, frequency and responsibility of sharing of the progress report to the stakeholders be well defined during the conception stages of the intervention; that project management must change their reactive approach on occurrence of conflict but rather adopt a proactive approach in determining the highly susceptible issues and identify possible solution.